Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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 The solution for the paper shortage lay not in the esparto grass fields of the Mediterranean but rather in the immense softwood forests of North America and Scandinavia.
Rag paper making was brought from China to the West early on. Wood pulp paper also had been developed in China many centuries before. Ts'ai Lun is attributed with the introduction of this practice, using mulberry trees as the starting material, in the year a.d. 105. But Europeans required an additional millennium to understand the technique of using wood pulp for paper.
The change to wood pulp had a technical drawback. |
David Steinman
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 With this new policy in mind and its execution, the forests have quickly reverted back to canopy." This shows that you can recapture Eden. "When we started our land had only twenty percent canopy remaining. Today in 2005,1 am pleased to say it is fifty-three percent forest canopy. That is because we have determined that Nature has a monetary value that the economic and financial models of most nations don't value. In Costa Rica, we realized before almost anybody else, that a healthy environment has financial value and it can earn its keep, so to speak. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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| Following its liberal application to the fields and forests of Vietnam, the herbicide came to be better known as Agent Orange, originally a military code name matching the color band around the fifty-five-gallon drums in which it was shipped for application in Vietnam.64 The letter reporting the New Jersey outbreak of chloracne was published in the 6 July 1964 issue of JAMA. A month and a day later, the U.S. Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing the Vietnam War's escalation. |
Dan Buettner
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 At Las Juntas, three hours north of San Jose, we turned off the Pan-American Highway and drove westward toward through progressively drier and hotter terrain. The forests eventually gave way to cow pastures dotted with humped-back Brahman cattle and occasionally the massively crowned guanacaste trees after which the region is named.
We crossed the Taiwan Friendship Bridge spanning the alligator-infested Tempisque River and onto the roughly 80-mile-long finger of land south of the Nicaraguan border along the Pacific coast—the Nicoya Peninsula. |
| The road snaked up several hundred feet through forests and around tight curves and many unprotected drop-offs that promised a quick death. In America such a road would be illegal—or at least labeled "dangerous." Here it was business as usual.
We stopped at a high plateau fenced in by an ancient rock wall where 200 sheep had gnawed vegetation down to nubs. At the highest point of the pasture, a teepee-shaped rock-and-stick structure called a pinnetta commanded a 360-degree view of the property. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 It grows in shady and moist ground in mixed and deciduous forests.
Production: American Cranesbill herb is the dried aerial herb of Geranium maculatum harvested during the flowering season. American Cranesbill root is the dried rhizome of Geranium maculatum, which is collected in late summer and autumn. |
David Steinman
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| Today, as we are restoring our forests and limiting destruction by aiming for sustainability, our economy is thriving."
People today in Costa Rica make a living out of positive forest-related activities that aid in the health of the environment and economy—and that is what is unique about the nation. Tourism rivals bananas as the country's number one industry and will probably surpass agriculture, Rodriguez told me. |
Dan Buettner
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| Except for patches of hardwood forests where blackthorn, yew, oak, and ash trees grew, and the occasional vineyard, we saw only rough pastureland.
I recalled the many warnings wed seen or heard about Barbagia. "You might think twice about wandering around many of the desolate villages of the interior, especially in Nuoro province," wrote the author of one guidebook.
Our friend Franco Diaz from Cagliari, Sardinia's largest city, confirmed our initial impression of Barbagia as a difficult place where people eke out a living from a rugged land by raising sheep and goats. |
Joseph Campbell
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| Then spake Tane-mahuta, the father of the forests and of all things that inhabit them, or that are constructed from trees, 'Nay, not so. It is better to rend them apart, and to let the heaven stand far above us, and the earth lie under our feet. Let the sky become a stranger to us, but the earth remain close to us as our nursing mother.'"'
Several of the brother gods vainly tried to rend apart the heavens and the earth. At last it was Tane-mahuta himself, the father structed from trees, who succeeded in the titanic project. |
| After he has wandered through dark forests and over massive ranges of mountains, where he occasionally comes across the bones of other shamans and their animal mounts who have died along the way, he reaches an opening in the ground. The most difficult stages of the adventure now begin, when the depths of the underworld with their remarkable manifestations open before him. . . . After he has appeased the watchers of the kingdom of the dead and made his way past the numerous perils, he comes at last to the Lord of the Underworld, Erlik himself. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| Habitat: The plant is commonly found in woods and forests throughout Europe.
Production: Wood Sorrel is the aerial part of Oxalis acetosella, which is harvested while the plant is in blossom.
Other Names: Cuckoo Bread, Cuckowes Meat, Fairy Bells, Green Sauce, Hallelujah, Shamrock, Sour Trefoil, Stickwort, Stubwort, Surelle, Three-Leaved Grass, Wood Sour actions and pharmacology
COMPOUNDS
Oxalic acid (0.3-1. |
Joseph Campbell
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| Up to then it had been called Nerluc, which is to say, Black Lake, on account of the somber forests which there bordered the stream.23
The warrior-kings of antiquity regarded their work in the spirit of the monster-slayer. This formula, indeed, of the shining hero
22 Clark Wissler and D. C. Duvall, Mythology of the Blackfeet Indians (Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. II, Part I; New York, 1909), pp. 55-57. Quoted by Thompson, op. cit., pp. 111-113.
23 Jacobus de Voragine, op. cit., CIV, "Saint Martha, Virgin."
Fig. 18. King Ten (Egypt, First Dynasty, ca. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 In the United States alone, more than 18,000 products are licensed for use, and each year more than 2 billion pounds of pesticides are applied to crops, homes, schools, parks, and forests. Such widespread use results in pervasive human exposure. If you were born before 1974, you may have been exposed to dieldrin, a pesticide that was found in 96 percent of all meat and 85 percent of all dairy products tested in the United States. If you were born before 2004, you may have been exposed to diazinon, a toxin poisonous to the nervous system and sprayed on lawns and in gardens before its ban. |
Joseph Campbell
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| When the woman reached the animal's stomach, "she saw large forests and great rivers, and many high lands; on one side there were many rocks; and there were many people who had built their village there; and many dogs and many cattle; all was there inside the elephant." 58
The Irish hero, Finn MacCool, was swallowed by a monster of indefinite form, of the type known to the Celtic world as a peist. The little German girl, Red Ridinghood, was swallowed by a wolf. The Polynesian favorite, Maui, was swallowed by his great-great-grandmother, Hine-nui-te-po. |
Kelly Harford, M.C., C.N.C.
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 On the other hand, there would most certainly be times when schools of fresh tasty fish swam in the nearby stream, and edible animals, large and small, roamed the prairie and populated the forests. It is very unlikely that a hungry human would pass by this abundant source of food. In fact, his or her very survival probably depended on it. Based on this observation, common sense tells me that it is natural and healthy for humans to eat animal protein on some days and to abstain from eating it on others, thereby simulating the natural order. |
David Steinman
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| But even in the 1960s, scientists were telling the government that the land was not conducive to cattle ranching and that this was not a sustainable practice. By the 1980s, that prophecy had been proven correct. Cattle ranching was no longer profitable; other countries, like Brazil, in their own race to decimate, had entered the cheap beef market that American fast food had spawned and were easily going to outburn everybody else. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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 The hard wood of the Pterocarpus marsupium was obtained from the forests of Madhya Pradesh.
Group III patients were given the plant extract along with the yogic exercises.
The patients were evaluated every week for a period of 4 weeks. The fasting and 2 hours post-prandial blood sugar and the neurohormones were estimated.
OBSERVATIONS
Of the 30 diabetics studied, the majority was in the age group of 21 to 25 years. There were 20 males and 10 females. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Appropriate protective clothing should be worn for activities that take you into forests or through thick underbrush—long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, shoes, socks, and gloves. These items should be washed after they are worn; if they come into contact with poison ivy, they are not safe to wear again until they have been laundered or dry-cleaned.
• If you know or suspect that you may have come in contact with poison ivy, remove all clothing and shoes, and immediately scrub your skin using brown or yellow laundry soap (such as Fels Naptha) and water or alcohol to remove the irritating oil. |
Ben-Erik van Wyk
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 Origin & history The plant occurs naturally in the mountain forests of Korea and northeastern China. Ginseng has been used as a dietary supplement since ancient times. It is grown commercially in China, Japan, Korea and Russia. American ginseng is found in eastern North America (USA and Canada) where it is also cultivated on a large scale for export to China and for local use in the health food industry. Parts used The fleshy roots. Cultivation & harvesting Ginseng is propagated from seeds. The plants are cultivated in partial shade and reach maturity in three to four years. |
| Origin & history Petai is a Malaysian species of lowland forests that has been an important jungle food source for centuries. It is still very popular in Myanmar, southern Thailand,
Petai flower and fruit
Malaysia and Indonesia, where it is cultivated in villages and kitchen gardens. Parts used Mainly the pods and seeds. Cultivation & harvesting The trees are easily grown from seeds and the young pods are harvested when half ripe. Uses & properties The young pods and seeds (and sometimes also the young leaves and flower stalks) are eaten raw. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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| These plants grow in every state except Alaska and are common along roadsides, in forests and pastures, and along streams— even, in the case of poison ivy, in suburban backyards.
Poison ivy and poison oak are members of the same botanical family. Poison ivy is more prevalent east of the Rocky Mountains; poison oak is more common to the west and southwest. Poison sumac is common in southern swamps and northern wetlands. All three plants produce similar symptoms, and as a result all three are often referred to simply as poison ivy. |
Win Wenger, Ph.D. and Richard Poe
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 Those rats who lived in the high-stimulus environment not only lived to the surprising age of three (the rat equivalent of 90 in a human), but their brains increased in size, sprouting forests of new connections between nerve cells in the form of dendrites and axons?spindly, branch-like structures that transmit electrical signals from one nerve cell (or neuron) to another. The rats who lived in bare cages stagnated and died younger. Their brains had fewer cellular connections. |
Amarjit S. Basra
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 The bark of Prunus africana—a tree from the higher altitude forests of Africa and Madagascar—has become an important European phytomedicine used for benign prostatic hyperplasia.30 Within Africa, different decoctions of the plant are also used to treat various conditions including fevers, urinary tract infections, inflammation (bark tea), and wound dressings (leaves), and the leaf sap is drunk for insanity. Although it has been an established medicine for many years (i.e., has been a licensed drug in many European countries), recently the demand has increased substantially. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
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 TYLOPHORA _____
Common name: Indian ipecac
Botanical names: Tylophora indica, Tylophora asthmatica Parts used and where grown
Tylophora is a perennial climbing plant native to the plains, forests, and hills of southern and eastern India. The portions of the plant used medicinally are the leaves and root.1
Tylophora has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information): the early morning for six days led to moderate to complete relief of their asthma symptoms. |
| Usnea looks like long, fuzzy strings hanging from trees in the forests of North America and Europe, where it grows.
Usnea has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Rating Health Concerns
þftft Common cold/sore throat (page 129) Cough (page 139) Infection (page 265) Pap smear (abnormal) (page 3)
Historical or traditional use (may or may not be supported by scientific studies)
Due to its bitter taste, usnea stimulates digestion and was historically used by herbalists to tteat indigestion (page 260). |
Leslie Taylor, ND
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 It is indigenous to many tropical countries and grows in open forests, pastures, along roadsides, and like many weeds—just about anywhere the soil is disturbed. In Brazil, the plant is known as amor seco or amor-do-campo; Peruvians call the plant manayupa. The Desmodium genus is a large one, with about 400 species of perennial and annual herbs growing in temperate and tropical regions in the Western hemisphere, Australia, and South Africa. In the South American tropics, Desmodium axillare, a closely related plant, is used interchangeably in herbal medicine systems. |
| UNLOCKING THE SECRETS OF THE RAINFOREST
After the Amerindians discovered America, about twenty millennia before Columbus, all their clothing, food, medicine, and shelter were derived from the forests. Those millennia gave the Indians time to discover and learn empirically the virtues and vices of the thousands of edible and medicinal species in the rainforest. More than 80 percent of the developed world's diet originated in the rainforest and from this indigenous knowledge of the wealth of edible fruits, vegetables, and nuts. |
Luca Turin
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 The firm of Haarmann and Reimer had been founded a few years earlier in the middle of the forests of central Germany, to extract vanillin from wood. It was, and still is, situated in a place called Holzminden (holz means wood). Only a few years later, H&R's own chemists made wood largely redundant. Their method of synthesis
* The comical story is told in Chandler Burr's The Emperor of Scent (ISBN 0375507973). started with guaiacol (the fellow on the left of the diagram). |
James Howard Kunstler
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 Would they strip the Adirondack forests of trees to stay warm? How would their children get back and forth from the sprawling one-story school, and how would they heat it? What would be the purpose of schooling in a post-cheap-oil economy? What kind of careers or vocations would they be training for—surely not public relations or arts administration.
If the folks who lived along this highway put in gardens to make up for the escalating inadequacies of an industrial farming system starved for fossil fuel "inputs," would they be able to feed themselves? |
| Water evaporated less effectively from the ocean at colder temperatures and rainfall on land decreased, though ice accumulated from the poles downward. forests all over the world gave way to drier grasslands and deserts. A slight warming occurred about 60,000 years ago, and then at 30,000 years another cycle of intense cooling and glaciation occurred, which peaked about 21,000 years ago. Around 14,000 years ago there was a rapid global warming and moistening, perhaps occurring within the space of only a few years or decades. |
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