David Wolfe
See book keywords and concepts |  Cooking is a major reason for deforestation. In Africa, the tropical forests of the mountain gorilla are being cut and cleared for cooking wood. Similar tragedies are happening on nearly every continent.
In third world countries, the cooking of food exposes people to the hazards of inhaling wood smoke or emissions from biomass fuels, such as cattle chips (dung). Emissions from wood and biomass fuels are major sources of air pollution in the home and are the number one source of air pollution outside the home (even eclipsing fossil fuels). |
Alex Steffen
See book keywords and concepts |  In rural communities throughout many African countries, one major cause of deforestation is the growing demand for coffins to bury victims of AIDS. Traditional mourning rites involve all-night vigils, which add to the problem by requiring an enormous amount of firewood for heat and light.
Aside from the trees, native medicinal plants are rapidly depleting, because of individual efforts to seek free, readily available treatments for HIV and AIDS. The threat on nontimber-forest resources compounds both the problem and the pursuit of a solution. | | Environmental Refugees mmaw Even if we succeed in calming the violence that has displaced so many, human activity is making the planet a more hostile and unforgiving place: deforestation and soil erosion have rendered barren much of the best cropland; overpopulation has forced large numbers of people to live in precarious situations; and, most direly, humankind has been changing the climate.
Climate change may prove to be the ultimate humanitarian disaster. | | The demand for these wood stoves contributes to deforestation. The smoke they produce leads to respiratory disease, especially in children. Worldwide, cooking-related indoor air pollution kills more people than cigarettes do, according to the British NGO Practical Action's 2004 report "Smoke: The Killer in the Kitchen." Finding better solutions for cooking food is one of the biggest design-for-development challenges. Luckily, better solutions are starting to appear. |
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN
See book keywords and concepts |  And though we often hear about the loss of Amazon rainforest to ranchers raising cattle for fast-food franchises, soybean farming has wrought even greater devastation, causing the deforestation of an area larger than the state of New Jersey in less than a year.6 Yet the soybean is promoted as the salvation to world hunger and a "green," environmentally sound alternative to meat production.
The soy industry even claims that its modern processed soyfoods are the natural heritage of people of Asia. |
Alex Steffen
See book keywords and concepts | | Both large-scale livestock farming and the massive fish farms that dot our coasts destroy the environment: they cause air and water pollution, deforestation, and depletion of fossil-fuel resources.
Some people choose vegetarianism as a way to take a personal stand against destructive factory ranching and farming practices, but for most people, a meat-free lifestyle has no appeal; meat tastes good, plays an integral role in traditional cuisine, and makes up a significant portion of some basic diets. |
Earth RightH. Patricia Hynes
See book keywords and concepts | | Reforesting our Earth is a critical component of saving our atmosphere: Some scientists estimate that a full third of global warming is the result of deforestation. For peoples of the forests who have lived for centuries from the forests without destroying them, deforestation means the entire loss of their economy and their way of life. The next two chapters show how we can reforest the Earth.
Table 15.1 Actions to Reduce Net 1987 U.S. C02 Emissions by at Least 20% (figures shown represent midpoints of ranges based on initial NRDC estimates)
Action
Reduction in U.S. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
See book keywords and concepts |  It is feared that deforestation will lead to the extinction of numerous plant species before their medicinal uses have been recorded or validated. Even among those plants that have known medicinal uses, many have not been investigated scientifically in any detail for their chemical constituents or biological effects.
Having spent a career investigating the chemistry of plants and the biological activities of their constituents, it is salutary to be faced with the 'benefit of hindsight'. To some extent, the investigating scientist is trapped in the laboratory with the techniques of the day. | | However, it has been brought close to extinction by deforestation and over-exploitation. Conservation schemes have been proposed, but it is too early to be certain whether the species can be saved from extinction.
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
Most important medicinal plants arc now produced under controlled agricultural conditions (Franz 1999). Such production systems require certain conditions for each species with respect to:
• Temperature and annual course of temperature.
• Rainfall (if it is not possible to irrigate the fields).
• Soil characteristics and quality. |
Peter Pringle
See book keywords and concepts |  The aim was to restrict activities that threatened the earth—oil drilling, mining projects, deforestation, and new dams. But the hottest topic that year was the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, or CBD, a legally binding commitment for all those who signed up to stop "biopiracy" and secure the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. (In 2002, 183 countries, including the United States, had signed the CBD but the United States had not ratified the treaty.)
The CBD marked an important break with the past in three respects. |
Francisco, M.D. Contreras
See book keywords and concepts | | This has contributed to the reduction of oxygen in the atmosphere. If deforestation continues at its present rate, 4% of the earth's surface per year, there will be no forests left by the year 2035. There is genuine worldwide concern about deforestation because trees play a crucial role in the cleaning of our air supply. The fact is that there is no simple solution to the series of problems related to atmospheric pollution but scientists and ecologists are diligently working. |
James Trefil, Joseph F. Kett, and E. D. Hirsch
See book keywords and concepts |  Trees and shrubs that, unlike evergreens, lose their leaves and become dormant during the winter. deforestation (dee-fawr-uh-stay-shuhn) The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else. The term is used today to refer to the destruction of forests by human beings and their replacement by agricultural systems, fa deforestation is considered to be a main contributor to the greenhouse effect. deoxyribonucleic acid (dee-ok-see-reye-boh-nooh-klee-ik) See DNA. dinosaurs Reptiles, now extinct, that were the dominant life form on earth for many millions of years. |
Brian O'Leary
See book keywords and concepts |  Human-induced climate change, global warming, water and air pollution, growing plagues, mass extinctions, deforestation, desertification, unmitigated growth, urban sprawl and economic greed combine to form insidiously interlocking feedback loops which bring us ever closer to our hour of reckoning. In his well-researched recent book, The Future in Plain Sight, author and Time correspondent Eugene Linden 13 writes, "Climate instability, should it continue or worsen, will further increase the likelihood of a (political or economic) crash and could exacerbate volatility in food supplies... | | Most deforestation is now happening in the tropics. About sixty per cent of the world's tropical rain forests have been lost already, mostly to slash-and-burn farming, grazing and logging. The rate continues at an alarming half a hectare per second, or one to two per cent of the remaining forests per year—about the size of England. These forests are headed towards extinction well before 2100. | | When the trees go, so does the topsoil, the cool canopy of the forest, the absorption of carbon dioxide, the retention of water, the prevention of (remaining) forest and brush fires, and preservation of biodiversity, indigenous cultures and natural medicines. The deforestation of Indonesia has been particularly alarming, contributing to out-of-control fires that in 1997 caused such a wicked haze that thousands of people died of lung diseases and a jetliner crashed in the pea soup atmosphere above Sumatra, killing all 232 people aboard. | | A trip I once took up the Amazon from Iquitos, Peru, revealed the effects of deforestation in short order. While the main Amazon was awesome in its size and savannah lands, its banks had been logged. I was particularly struck when we cruised upstream into a tributary surrounded by primary forests. The sheer sizes of the trees and their diversity and the chorus of creatures day and night, the echoing thunder and rain, provided for me an experience of nature whose grandeur I shall never forget. We simply cannot apply power saws and torches to any more of this monumental refuge. | | The myth of "free trade" embodied by the WTO can often be an excuse to pollute in Third World countries which, under the pressure of debt, must deliver natural resources to their financial masters abroad. "Deforestation", writes Alex Falconer, Member of European Parliament, "is the inevitable result of the rapid economic growth policies adopted by many developing nations in response to the demands of the global financial institutions." 4
"The (unsustainable) growth imperative permeates all the problems we face. It makes us look at the world through a distorting lens. | | Maui is facing a number of environmental issues such as water shortages, deforestation, the introduction of alien flora and fauna, growing urban and industrial sprawl, droughts, dying coral reefs, and noise and air pollution. The archaic practice of burning sugar cane produces irritating black snow and lung-congesting soot that often falls on the resort town of Kihei, The Maui Electric Company plans to build a huge dirty diesel power plant potentially costing $400 million that would make burning sugar cane a picnic for the lungs of downwind residents. |
Jeremy P. Tarcher
See book keywords and concepts |  Now, here in Kenya, I see that it's precisely because the poorest bear the brunt of deforestation that Wangari saw them as being the most motivated to actually do something about it.
Early in our visit, Muta, Wangari's tall, relaxed son, described his mother's first attempt to create a tree nursery in their home. It was not appreciated by his father, who had just been elected to the Kenyan parliament. "Dad thought it made the place look too messy, so my mother put the idea on hold. But she didn't give up. She saw what her husband could not see when he saw only a messy house. |
Francisco, M.D. Contreras
See book keywords and concepts | | There is genuine worldwide concern about deforestation because trees play a crucial role in the cleaning of our air supply. The fact is that there is no simple solution to the series of problems related to atmospheric pollution but scientists and ecologists are diligently working. In Germany, a forest lab has been created in Soiling near the river Weser where they are "teaching" trees to live with pollution. China has planted trees in more than 500, 000 acres. Iceland, in celebration of its 50 years of independence, has allocated one billion dollars in reforestation. |
Stephanie Beling
See book keywords and concepts |  So while they grow wild just about everywhere on earth, produced by some three hundred species of shrubs and trees, this rising demand, coupled with rapid worldwide deforestation, has made nut-and-seed cultivation a profitable enterprise.
Today, about twenty-five kinds of nuts are raised as crops. Pecans are one of America's native nuts—essential for one of our greatest, richest desserts, pecan pie. California produces one-third of the world's supply of almonds and is the world's second largest producer of pistachios, which the state's growers first cultivated only in 1976. |
Hemp TodayEd Rosenthal
See book keywords and concepts | | If hemp were grown in the Pacific Northwest and loggers were retrained as farmers, there would not be the depressing unemployment and vast deforestation now commonplace in the region. But when President Clinton attended a Timber conference in Portland in 1993, did he want to know about hemp as an alternative to wood? No. The powers that be are unable to accept what other countries have proven—that hemp can be used to build homes.
But the attempt to produce building materials from imported hemp is hopelessly infeasible. | | In fact, deforestation of lands presumed to be arable may have contributed to the "greenhouse effect" and, regrettably, much of this land was productive for only two to three years before the soil developed a consistency not unlike concrete.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has estimated that if the entire world production of cereals, root crops, and sugar crops had been converted to ethanol that "less than 83 percent of the world's 1978 automobile gasoline fuel needs and only 6 percent of the world's total commercial energy needs" would have been met (Anon., 1981). | | If all fossil fuels and their derivatives (coal, oil, natural gas, synthetic fibers and petro-chemicals) as well as the deforestation of trees for paper and agriculture (e.g. | | He explained the environmental impact of deforestation and predicted a time when further logging would be prohibitively expensive or even forbidden. At the end of the lengthy interview, it was agreed that Chase would travel to the Imperial Valley to further investigate the potential of the decorticator.
On August 28, 1917, Chase presented his report to Scripps and McRae. It is an undisputed testimonial to the economics of Schlichten's machine: "I have spent many hours with G. W. Schlichten, the inventor of the decorticating machine. |
Francisco, M.D. Contreras
See book keywords and concepts | | The frailty of our intelligence is exposed when, in addition to polluting our world, we complicate nature's work through the exploitation of natural resources, especially deforestation by the lumber industry. Winds, drought, hurricanes, twisters and other climatic factors as well as indiscriminate urban and industrial growth and soil contamination contribute to the waning forests.
In our world, less than 55% of the forests remain intact. This has contributed to the reduction of oxygen in the atmosphere. |
Earth RightH. Patricia Hynes
See book keywords and concepts | | When forests are destroyed, habitats vanish; animals leave or become extinct. deforestation is a critical factor in global warming, for the carbon dioxide that would have been absorbed and stored by trees is left to accumulate in the gaseous thermal blanket of the lower atmosphere. Trees cut and left to decay release their carbon as carbon dioxide.
Reforesting the Earth Begins at Home.
• Wanagri Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, a broad-based community tree-planting campaign, when she planted seven symbolic trees in 1977. |
Rowan Robinson
See book keywords and concepts | | GE analyst Gene Kimura expressed concern that, due to concerns over global deforestation, biofuels would be politically viable only in conjunction with "some sort of forest management."
Why not leave the forests out of the equation and use an annual farm crop as a biofuel source? In that case, the best option is hemp. There are two major sources of biofuel to be derived from hemp: the seed oil and the stalk. We will consider each of these in turn.
HEMP SEED AS AN ENERGY SOURCE
Vegetable oils are superior to petroleum on several counts, and hemp seed produces one of nature's finest oils. |
Earth RightH. Patricia Hynes
See book keywords and concepts | | Rapid deforestation, in tropical rainforests in Central America, the Amazon River basin, Africa, and Southeast Asia, is removing nature's carbon dioxide storehouse or "sink" and thus is contributing to global warming. Enormous stands of trees are dying in Europe, Canada, and the United States from acid rain and air pollution. When removed, left to decay, or burned, trees release their stored carbon as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Recently a team of West German scientists found levels of air pollutants comparable to industrial areas over the virgin rainforests of Central Africa. | | The rise in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a direct consequence of modern development, principally from three activities: intensive fossil fuel combustion, the use of chlorofluorocarbons, and recent massive deforestation in the tropics. The current rate of greenhouse gas emissions will cause changes that may quickly outpace our ability to adapt to increased heat and drought, rising sea levels, and changes in agriculture. The emissions of greenhouse gases must be lowered in the near future to avoid catastrophic changes in climate, sea level, food production, and life on Earth. |
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